Acupuncture treatment involves the insertion of fine, sterile needles into specific sites (acupuncture points) along the body's meridians to clear energy blockages and encourage the normal flow of qi through the individual.
The first forms of acupuncture to reach the United States were brought by non-TCM practitioners -such as Chinese rail road workers- many employing styles that had been handed down in family lineages, or from master to apprentice (collectively known as "Classical Chinese Acupuncture").
Classically, in clinical practice, acupuncture treatment is typically highly individualized and based on philosophical constructs as well as subjective and intuitive impressions, and not on controlled scientific research.
In today's China, acupuncture has a prominent place in medicine with even major surgery sometimes carried out with no other forms of anaesthesia.
However despite this, the effectiveness of acupuncture remains controversial in parts of the scientific community, according to a review by Edzard Ernst and colleagues in 2007, which found that the body of evidence was growing, research is active, and that the "emerging clinical evidence seems to imply that acupuncture is effective for some but not all conditions".
While little is known about the mechanisms by which acupuncture may act, a review of neuro-imaging research suggests that specific acupuncture points have distinct effects on cerebral activity in areas that are not otherwise predictable anatomically.
It is thought that the needling process, and other techniques used in acupuncture, may produce a variety of effects in the body and the brain.
There is general agreement that acupuncture is safe when administered by well-trained practitioners, and that further research is warranted.
Despite some remaining concerns acupuncture h
as now become quite popular in the western world, where the technique is mainly used to control pain and relieve symptoms of disease such as nausea caused by chemotherapy drugs, but not to cure the disease itself. Acupuncture is often the choice for the alleviation of nagging pains such as back pain where the constant and unrelenting use of analgesics can lead to problems with stomach irritation or in more severe cases dependence on pain killers.
The World health organization recognizes acupuncture treatment for the following conditions:
headaches, migraines, stroke, facial and inter-costal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, some forms of paralysis, consequences of poliomyelitis, peripheral neuropathy, Menieres disease, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, acute tonsillitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, sore throat, common cold, toothaches, post-extraction pain, gingivitis, hiccups, oesophageal spasms, duodenal ulcers, gastric hyperacidity, gastritis, colitis, diarrhoea, constipation, conjunctivitis, simple cataracts, myopia in children, central retinitis, osteoarthritis, sciatica, low back pain, cervicobrachial syndrome, "frozen shoulder", and "tennis elbow".